Who invented the world's first Computer?
Who invented the first computer?
Charles Babbage developed the idea of a programmable computer. National Library of Wales.
We could argue that the first computer was the abacus or its descendant, the slide rule, invented by William Otred in 1622. However, many consider English mathematician Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine to be the first computer to resemble today's modern machine.
Before Babbage came along, a "computer" was a person who literally sat around all day, adding and subtracting numbers and writing the results down in a table. Tables then appeared in books, so that other people could use them to complete their tasks, such as accurately launching artillery shells or calculating taxes.
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In fact, Babbage wrote that he was daydreaming over the logarithmic table while at Cambridge around 1812–1813, when he first imagined that a machine could do the work of a human computer. In July 1822, Babbage wrote a letter to the Royal Society proposing the idea that machines could perform calculations based on the "method of differences". The Royal Society was intrigued and agreed to fund the development of the concept. The first machine design to emerge from these efforts was Babbage's first difference engine.
Indeed, it was this massive number-crunching project that inspired Babbage in the first place. In 1792 the French government appointed Gaspard de Prony to oversee the creation of a set of cadastral, logarithmic and trigonometric tables. The French wanted to standardize measurements in the country and planned to use the tables to aid in their efforts to convert to the metric system. De Prony was inspired by Adam Smith's famous work "Wealth of Nations". Smith wrote how the division of labor improved efficiency when making pins. De Prony wanted to apply the division of labor to his mathematical projects.
Unfortunately, once the 18 volumes of tables - including a description of a further mathematical method - were completed, they were never published.
In 1819, Babbage visited the City of Lights and saw page after page of unpublished manuscripts on the table. If only, he wondered, there is a way to make such a table quickly with less manpower and fewer mistakes. He thought of the many wonders produced by the Industrial Revolution. If creative and industrious inventors could develop the cotton gin and the steam locomotive, why not a machine for calculation?
Babbage returned to England and decided to build just such a machine. His first vision was something he dubbed the difference engine, which worked on the principle of finite difference or complex arithmetic calculations by repeated addition without using multiplication or division. He received £1,500 from the English government in 1823 and hired engineer Joseph Clement to start building the difference engine. Clement was a respected engineer and suggested improvements to Babbage, who allowed Clement to implement some of his ideas. Unfortunately, in 1833 the two had a dispute over the terms of their arrangement. Clement resigned, ending his work at the Difference Engine.
But, as you can guess, the story does not end there. Content
Charles Babbage and the Analytical Engine
Who invented the first modern computer?
Charles Babbage and the Analytical Engine
calculator,
Conceived by Charles Babbage in 1834, this analytical engine was designed to calculate any mathematical formula and had more analytical power than the original difference engine. This part of the mill was under construction at the time of his death. SSPL/Getty Images
While Clement was packing his equipment, Babbage was already thinking of an even bigger idea—the Analytical Engine, a new type of mechanical computer that could perform more complex calculations, including multiplication and division. The British government, however, reduced its funding, which was intended to build a differentiation engine. The Analytical Engine is what many consider the first computer.
The basic components of the Analytical Engine resemble the components of any computer sold on the market today. Any modern machine has these two features: a central processing unit or CPU and memory. Babbage, of course, did not use those terms. He called the CPU "Mill". Memory was known as "store". He had a device - the "reader" - for inputting instructions, as well as a way to record the results produced by the machine on paper. Babbage called this output device a printer, a precursor to the inkjet and laser printers that are so common today.
Babbage's new invention existed almost entirely on paper. He kept copious notes and sketches about his computer – about 5,000 pages worth – and although he never built a single production model of the Analytical Engine, he had a clear vision of how the machine would look and work. Borrowing the same technology used by the Jacquard loom, a loom machine was developed in 1804-05 that made it possible to automatically produce a variety of fabric patterns, data entered on punch cards. Computer stores can have up to 1,000 50-digit numbers. Punched cards will also carry instructions, which the machine can execute in sequence. A single attendant would oversee the entire operation, but steam would power it, turn the cranks, move the cams and rods, and turn the gear wheels.
Unfortunately, the technology of the time could not deliver on Babbage's ambitious designs. It wasn't until 1991 that his special ideas were finally translated into a working computer. It was then that the Science Museum in London built, to Babbage's exact specifications, his difference engine. It stands 11 feet tall and 7 feet tall (over 3 meters tall and 2 meters tall), has 8,000 moving parts, and weighs 5 tons (4.5 metric tons). A copy of the machine was made and sent to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, where it remained on display until December 2010. Neither device would work on a desktop, but they were undoubtedly the forerunners of the first computers and modern technology PCs and those computers influenced the development of the World Wide Web.
Programmer and Rasul Sa
If Charles Babbage was the genius behind the Analytical Engine, Augusta Ada Byron, or her married name Ada Lovelace, was the propagandist (and, arguably, the first computer programmer). At the age of 17 he met Babbage at a party and became fascinated with the mathematician's computer engine. From that opportunity grew a strong, dynamic relationship. Ada discussed Babbage's ideas with him and, because she was gifted in mathematics, offered her own insights. In 1843, he published an influential note describing Babbage's analytical engine. Ada also adds some sage predictions, speculating that Babbage's mechanical computer will one day "work on things other than numbers" and "compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity."
Who invented the first modern computer
Apple i
The 1976 Apple I was the first computer sold with a fully integrated circuit board, although consumers still had to purchase a case, power supply, keyboard, and display. By 1977 some of these features were added to the Apple II personal computer. SSPL/Getty Images
There are many differences between Babbage's distinction and the analytical engine and the machine sitting on your desktop now. These machines are mechanical and your electronic. So, who invented the first electronic computer? Like most inventions, the digital computer was the work of many different people.
Like Babbage before him, professor of mathematics and physics at Iowa State College (now Iowa State University). John Vincent Atanasoff's work requires a lot of computing power. Although he had the best calculator of his day, the calculations still took a long time. Also, like Babbage, Atanasoff wanted to see if he could do better. In 1937 he went for a drive to clear his mind and when he stopped for a drink, he decided what kind of device he would build. His machine will use electricity. And instead of the base-10 standard, his computer would use the binary system our modern computers use.
Iowa State provided funding for the machine, and Athanasoph Clifford Berry, an exceptionally talented graduate student, helped realize his vision. They showed the prototype to Iowa state officials who then funded Atanasoff and Berry to build the real thing. By 1942 the Atanasoff-Berry computer (or ABC) was ready
World War II spurred the creation of many new computers to solve specific problems. One was the ENIAC, designed to calculate artillery range tables. Another was the Colossus, used to break German codes at Bletchley Park in the UK in 1949, the world's first practical stored-program computer, EDSAC, entered history. Unlike previous computers that were designed to perform a single task, the EDSAC can perform multiple tasks. In the early 1950s, engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) completed the Cyclone I, designed to train pilots. Project Vortex introduced magnetic core memory to the world.
The first commercial computer was the 1951 Univac (Universal Automatic Computer) by the makers of ENIAC for the US Census Bureau. It was huge, weighing 16,000 pounds (7,258 kilograms) and had 5,000 vacuum tubes. It gained notoriety when it was accurately described by Dwight D. When predicted by Eisenhower, only a small percentage of the vote counted, a presidential victory. The UNIVAC could perform 1,000 calculations in one second, an amazing feat at the time.
In 1956, IBM's 305 Random Access Memory Accounting System (RAMAC) was the first with a hard drive. Piece by piece, the modern electronic computer began to come together.
In 1968, Douglas Engelbart demonstrated a prototype of the modern computer, which included a mouse and graphical user interface (windows, icons, and a menu). It shows that computers can be more effective than academics and technical experts and reach the general public.
Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, two friends who met on a camping trip, started working in a garage in Palo Alto, California. Their first product was an oscillator for testing audio equipment. Hewlett-Packard's HP 9100A scientific calculator was released in 1968 and used the term "personal computer" in its advertising. The HP-85, released in 1980, was their (real) first PC.
Both Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs had experience at Hewlett-Packard. While in school, Jobs approached Bill Hewlett about an internship. Wozniak not only worked for HP but proposed the design of the Apple I personal computer to the company five times and was rejected each time.
Eventually, the two Steves left HP and started their own company in a garage like Hewlett and Packard. The Apple I was introduced in 1976, followed by the Apple II in 1977. The Apple I was the first "fully integrated" personal computer, although buyers still had to carry a case, power supply, keyboard, and display with fully integrated circuits. . The Board Apple II included a keyboard, more RAM, and a case with color graphics.
IBM's 5150 personal computer, released in 1981, put computers on business desktops around the world and came with a system unit, a keyboard, and a color/graphics capability. It uses Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system. Throughout the 1980s, computers became less expensive and included more features until they were necessary for almost every home and business.
Discover the Computer FAQ
When was the first computer invented
The first computer, which we resemble today's modern machine, was invented by Charles Babbage between 1833 and 1871. He developed an instrument, the Analytical Engine, and worked on it for nearly 40 years. It was a mechanical computer that was powerful enough to perform simple calculations.
Was the abacus the first computer
No, but it is the first known calculating machine. The abacus was first invented around 1100 B.C.E. And it is still used in some parts of Asia. An abacus consists of a rectangular frame with thin parallel rods attached to beads for counting.
Who invented the laptop
Adam Osborne created the first laptop in 1981 and named it "Osborne 1." Back then, it cost around $2,000 and came with a small built-in computer screen.
Which of the world's first modern computer
Developed in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was installed on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. Because it was the first computer to use electronic technology, it was about 1,000 times faster than previous computers. It weighed about 50 tons because it used 18,000 vacuum tubes.
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